TA的每日心情 | 无聊 2019-5-27 08:20 |
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签到天数: 4 天 [LV.2]圆转纯熟
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前言:
最近遇到实例迁移的问题,数据迁完后还需要将数据库用户及权限迁移过去。进行逻辑备份时,我一般习惯将MySQL系统库排除掉,这样备份里面就不包含数据库用户相关信息了。这时候如果想迁移用户相关信息 可以采用以下三种方案,类似的 我们也可以采用以下三种方案来备份数据库账号相关信息。(本文方案针对MySQL5.7版本,其他版本稍有不同)
1.mysqldump逻辑导出用户相关信息
我们知道,数据库用户密码及权限相关信息保存在系统库mysql 里面。采用mysqldump可以将相关表数据导出来 如果有迁移用户的需求 我们可以按照需求在另外的实例中插入这些数据。下面我们来演示下:- #只导出mysql库中的user,db,tables_priv表数据
- #如果你有针队column的赋权 可以再导出columns_priv表数据
- #若数据库开启了GTID 导出时最好加上 --set-gtid-purged=OFF
- mysqldump -uroot -proot mysql user db tables_priv -t --skip-extended-insert > /tmp/user_info.sql
- #导出的具体信息
- --
- -- Dumping data for table `user`
- --
- LOCK TABLES `user` WRITE;
- /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `user` DISABLE KEYS */;
- INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('%','root','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','',_binary '',_binary '',_binary '',0,0,0,0,'mysql_native_password','*
- 81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B','N','2019-03-06 03:03:15',NULL,'N');
- INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('localhost','mysql.session','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','Y','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','',_binary '',_binary '',_binary '',0,0,0,0,'mysql_na
- tive_password','*THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE','N','2019-03-06 02:57:40',NULL,'Y');
- INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('localhost','mysql.sys','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','',_binary '',_binary '',_binary '',0,0,0,0,'mysql_native
- _password','*THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE','N','2019-03-06 02:57:40',NULL,'Y');
- INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('%','test','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','',_binary '',_binary '',_binary '',0,0,0,0,'mysql_native_password','*
- 94BDCEBE19083CE2A1F959FD02F964C7AF4CFC29','N','2019-04-19 06:24:54',NULL,'N');
- INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('%','read','Y','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','',_binary '',_binary '',_binary '',0,0,0,0,'mysql_native_password','*
- 2158DEFBE7B6FC24585930DF63794A2A44F22736','N','2019-04-19 06:27:45',NULL,'N');
- INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('%','test_user','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','',_binary '',_binary '',_binary '',0,0,0,0,'mysql_native_passwor
- d','*8A447777509932F0ED07ADB033562027D95A0F17','N','2019-04-19 06:29:38',NULL,'N');
- /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `user` ENABLE KEYS */;
- UNLOCK TABLES;
- --
- -- Dumping data for table `db`
- --
- LOCK TABLES `db` WRITE;
- /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `db` DISABLE KEYS */;
- INSERT INTO `db` VALUES ('localhost','performance_schema','mysql.session','Y','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N');
- INSERT INTO `db` VALUES ('localhost','sys','mysql.sys','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','Y');
- INSERT INTO `db` VALUES ('%','test_db','test','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','N','N','N','Y','N','N','Y','Y','N','N','Y','N','N');
- /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `db` ENABLE KEYS */;
- UNLOCK TABLES;
- --
- -- Dumping data for table `tables_priv`
- --
- LOCK TABLES `tables_priv` WRITE;
- /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `tables_priv` DISABLE KEYS */;
- INSERT INTO `tables_priv` VALUES ('localhost','mysql','mysql.session','user','boot@connecting host','0000-00-00 00:00:00','Select','');
- INSERT INTO `tables_priv` VALUES ('localhost','sys','mysql.sys','sys_config','root@localhost','2019-03-06 02:57:40','Select','');
- INSERT INTO `tables_priv` VALUES ('%','test_db','test_user','t1','root@localhost','0000-00-00 00:00:00','Select,Insert,Update,Delete','');
- /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `tables_priv` ENABLE KEYS */;
- UNLOCK TABLES;
- #在新的实例插入所需数据 就可以创建出相同的用户及权限了
复制代码 2.自定义脚本导出
首先拼接出创建用户的语句:- SELECT
- CONCAT(
- 'create user \'',
- user,
- '\'@\'',
- Host,
- '\''
- ' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD \'',
- authentication_string,
- '\';'
- ) AS CreateUserQuery
- FROM
- mysql.`user`
- WHERE
- `User` NOT IN (
- 'mysql.session',
- 'mysql.sys'
- );
- #结果 在新实例执行后可以创建出相同密码的用户
- mysql> SELECT
- -> CONCAT(
- -> 'create user \'',
- -> user,
- -> '\'@\'',
- -> Host,
- -> '\''
- -> ' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD \'',
- -> authentication_string,
- -> '\';'
- -> ) AS CreateUserQuery
- -> FROM
- -> mysql.`user`
- -> WHERE
- -> `User` NOT IN (
- -> 'mysql.session',
- -> 'mysql.sys'
- -> );
- +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
- | CreateUserQuery |
- +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
- | create user 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B'; |
- | create user 'test'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*94BDCEBE19083CE2A1F959FD02F964C7AF4CFC29'; |
- | create user 'read'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*2158DEFBE7B6FC24585930DF63794A2A44F22736'; |
- | create user 'test_user'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*8A447777509932F0ED07ADB033562027D95A0F17'; |
- +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
- 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
复制代码 然后通过脚本导出用户权限:- #导出权限脚本
- #!/bin/bash
- #Function export user privileges
- pwd=root
- expgrants()
- {
- mysql -B -u'root' -p${pwd} -N $@ -e "SELECT CONCAT( 'SHOW GRANTS FOR ''', user, '''@''', host, ''';' ) AS query FROM mysql.user" | \
- mysql -u'root' -p${pwd} $@ | \
- sed 's/\(GRANT .*\)/\1;/;s/^\(Grants for .*\)/-- \1 /;/--/{x;p;x;}'
- }
- expgrants > /tmp/grants.sql
- echo "flush privileges;" >> /tmp/grants.sql
- #执行脚本后结果
- -- Grants for read@%
- GRANT SELECT ON *.* TO 'read'@'%';
- -- Grants for root@%
- GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION;
- -- Grants for test@%
- GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'test'@'%';
- GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, ALTER, EXECUTE, CREATE VIEW, SHOW VIEW ON `test_db`.* TO 'test'@'%';
- -- Grants for test_user@%
- GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'test_user'@'%';
- GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON `test_db`.`t1` TO 'test_user'@'%';
- -- Grants for mysql.session@localhost
- GRANT SUPER ON *.* TO 'mysql.session'@'localhost';
- GRANT SELECT ON `performance_schema`.* TO 'mysql.session'@'localhost';
- GRANT SELECT ON `mysql`.`user` TO 'mysql.session'@'localhost';
- -- Grants for mysql.sys@localhost
- GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'mysql.sys'@'localhost';
- GRANT TRIGGER ON `sys`.* TO 'mysql.sys'@'localhost';
- GRANT SELECT ON `sys`.`sys_config` TO 'mysql.sys'@'localhost';
复制代码 3.mysqlpump直接导出用户
mysqlpump是mysqldump的一个衍生,也是MySQL逻辑备份的工具。mysqlpump可用的选项更多,可以直接导出创建用户的语句及赋权的语句。下面我们来演示下:- #exclude-databases排除数据库 --users指定导出用户 exclude-users排除哪些用户
- #还可以增加 --add-drop-user 参数 生成drop user语句
- #若数据库开启了GTID 导出时必须加上 --set-gtid-purged=OFF
- mysqlpump -uroot -proot --exclude-databases=% --users --exclude-users=mysql.session,mysql.sys > /tmp/user.sql
- #导出的结果
- -- Dump created by MySQL pump utility, version: 5.7.23, linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64)
- -- Dump start time: Fri Apr 19 15:03:02 2019
- -- Server version: 5.7.23
- SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0;
- SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0;
- SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE;
- SET SQL_MODE="NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO";
- SET @@SESSION.SQL_LOG_BIN= 0;
- SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE;
- SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00';
- SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT;
- SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS;
- SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION;
- SET NAMES utf8mb4;
- CREATE USER 'read'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH 'mysql_native_password' AS '*2158DEFBE7B6FC24585930DF63794A2A44F22736' REQUIRE NONE PASSWORD EXPIRE DEFAULT ACCOUNT UNLOCK;
- GRANT SELECT ON *.* TO 'read'@'%';
- CREATE USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH 'mysql_native_password' AS '*81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B' REQUIRE NONE PASSWORD EXPIRE DEFAULT ACCOUNT UNLOCK;
- GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION;
- CREATE USER 'test'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH 'mysql_native_password' AS '*94BDCEBE19083CE2A1F959FD02F964C7AF4CFC29' REQUIRE NONE PASSWORD EXPIRE DEFAULT ACCOUNT UNLOCK;
- GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'test'@'%';
- GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, ALTER, EXECUTE, CREATE VIEW, SHOW VIEW ON `test_db`.* TO 'test'@'%';
- CREATE USER 'test_user'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH 'mysql_native_password' AS '*8A447777509932F0ED07ADB033562027D95A0F17' REQUIRE NONE PASSWORD EXPIRE DEFAULT ACCOUNT UNLOCK;
- GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'test_user'@'%';
- GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON `test_db`.`t1` TO 'test_user'@'%';
- SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE;
- SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT;
- SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS;
- SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION;
- SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS;
- SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS;
- SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE;
- -- Dump end time: Fri Apr 19 15:03:02 2019
- #可以看出 导出结果只包含创建用户及赋权的语句 十分好用
- #mysqlpump详细用法可参考:
- https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/mysqlpump.html
复制代码 总结:
本篇文章介绍了三种导出数据库用户信息的方案,每种方案都给出了脚本并进行演示。同时 这三种方案稍加以封装都可以作为备份数据库用户权限的脚本。可能你还有其他方案,如:pt-show-grants等,欢迎分享出来哦,也欢迎大家收藏或者改造成更适合自己的脚本,说不定什么时候就会用到哦 特别是一个实例有好多用户时,你会发现脚本更好用哈。
以上就是MySQL如何优雅的备份账号相关信息的详细内容,更多关于MySQL 备份账号相关信息的资料请关注咔叽论坛其它相关文章!
原文地址:https://www.jb51.net/article/194392.htm |
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